form

阅读量：4638 次

发布时间：2019-06-09

本文共 7102 字，大约阅读时间需要 23 分钟。

form操作动态select数据

forms.py

from django import formsfrom django.forms import fieldsfrom django.forms import widgetsfrom django.forms.models import ModelChoiceFieldfrom app01 import modelsclass UserInfoForm(forms.Form):    user = fields.CharField(        required=True,        widget=widgets.Textarea(attrs={
   'class':'c1'})    )    pwd = fields.CharField(        max_length=12,        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={
   'class':'c1'})    ) 　　#方式一    user_type = fields.ChoiceField(        # choices=[(1,'普通用户'),(2,'超级用户')], 　　　　 choices = [],        widget = widgets.Select    ) 　　#方式二    user_type2 = fields.CharField(widget=widgets.Select(choices=[]))    　　#方式三 models.py中需要加上def __str__(self):return self.name 　　user_type3 = ModelChoiceField(        empty_label='请选择用户类型',        to_field_name='name',#html的源码里面value=name对应值        queryset=models.UserType.objects.all()    )    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):        super(UserInfoForm, self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)        self.fields['user_type'].choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name')#在执行构造函数的时候去数据库取数据，value_list返回的是列表里面加元祖        self.fields['user_type2'].widget.choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name')

views.py

from django.shortcuts import renderfrom app01.forms import UserInfoFormfrom app01 import models# Create your views here.def index(request):    obj = UserInfoForm()    # obj.fields['user_type'].choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name')    #类里面的静态字段，必须重新去数据库取值赋值,或者在forms.py中构造函数中取值    return render(request,'index.html',{
   'obj':obj})

index.html

    
         Title            {
    { obj.user }}    
            {
    { obj.pwd }}    
            {
    { obj.user_type }}        {
    { obj.user_type2 }}

form内置钩子

通过obj.is_valid()查看源码

用户注册在提交的时候需要判断用户是否已经注册,用clean_name

验证过程：

　　正则+clean_字段->clean(__all__)->_post_clean

forms.py

class RegisterForm(forms.Form):    user = fields.CharField()    email = fields.EmailField()    def clean_name(self):        c = models.User.objects.filter(name=self.cleaned_data['user']).count()        if c:            return self.cleaned_data['user']        else:            raise ValidationError('用户名已经存在',code='xxx')    def clean(self):        return self.cleaned_data#整体错误信息在__all__里

序列化

QuerySet

第一种：

　　from django.core import serializers

　　v = models.tb.objects.all()

　　data = serializers.serialize('json',v)

第二种

import jsonfrom django.core.exceptions import ValidationErrorclass JsonCustomEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):    def default(self, field):        if isinstance(field,ValidationError):            return{
   'code':field.code,'messages':field.messages}        else:            return json.JSONEncoder.default(self,field)v= models.tb.objects.values('id','name')v = list(v)v = json.dumps(v,cls=JsonCustomEncoder)

ajax提交 html

    
         Title    
     
      {% csrf_token %}        
      
        
      
        
      提交

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponsefrom app01.forms import LoginFormimport jsonfrom django.core.exceptions import ValidationErrorclass JsonCustomEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):    def default(self, field):        if isinstance(field,ValidationError):            return{
   'code':field.code,'messages':field.messages}        else:            return json.JSONEncoder.default(self,field)def login(request):    if request.method == 'GET':        return render(request,'login.html')    elif request.method == 'POST':        ret = {
   'status':True,'error':None,'data':None}        obj = LoginForm(request.POST)        if obj.is_valid():            print(obj.cleaned_data)        else:            # ret['error'] = obj.errors.as_json()#返回字符串            ret['error'] = obj.errors.as_data()#返回字典   key-validationerror        result = json.dumps(ret,cls=JsonCustomEncoder)        # return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))        return HttpResponse(result)

ModelForm组件

                                  
ModelForm
    
a.  
class
Meta:
            
model,                           
# 对应Model的
            
fields
=
None
,                     
# 字段
            
exclude
=
None
,                    
# 排除字段
            
labels
=
None
,                     
# 提示信息
            
help_texts
=
None
,                 
# 帮助提示信息
            
widgets
=
None
,                    
# 自定义插件
            
error_messages
=
None
,             
# 自定义错误信息（整体错误信息from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS）
            
field_classes
=
None
# 自定义字段类 （也可以自定义字段）
            
localized_fields
=
(
'birth_date'
,) 
# 本地化，如：根据不同时区显示数据
            
如：
                
数据库中
                    
2016
-
12
-
27
04
:
10
:
57
                
setting中的配置
                    
TIME_ZONE 
=
'Asia/Shanghai'
                    
USE_TZ 
=
True
                
则显示：
                    
2016
-
12
-
27
12
:
10
:
57
    
b. 验证执行过程
        
is_valid 
-
> full_clean 
-
> 钩子 
-
> 整体错误
    
c. 字典字段验证
        
def
clean_字段名(
self
):
            
# 可以抛出异常
            
# from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
            
return
"新值"
    
d. 用于验证
        
model_form_obj 
=
XXOOModelForm()
        
model_form_obj.is_valid()
        
model_form_obj.errors.as_json()
        
model_form_obj.clean()
        
model_form_obj.cleaned_data
    
e. 用于创建
        
model_form_obj 
=
XXOOModelForm(request.POST)
        
#### 页面显示，并提交 #####
        
# 默认保存多对多
            
obj 
=
form.save(commit
=
True
)
        
# 不做任何操作，内部定义 save_m2m（用于保存多对多）
            
obj 
=
form.save(commit
=
False
)
            
obj.save()      
# 保存单表信息
            
obj.save_m2m()  
# 保存关联多对多信息
    
f. 用于更新和初始化
        
obj 
=
model.tb.objects.get(
id
=
1
)
        
model_form_obj 
=
XXOOModelForm(request.POST,instance
=
obj)
        
...
        
PS: 单纯初始化
            
model_form_obj 
=
XXOOModelForm(initial
=
{...})
           
         

forms.py

from django import formsfrom django.forms import fieldsfrom django.forms import widgets as Fwidgetsfrom app01 import modelsclass UserInfoModelForm(forms.ModelForm):   #自定义 　　is_rmb = fields.CharField(        widget=Fwidgets.CheckboxInput()    )    class Meta:        model = models.UserInfo        fields = '__all__'        # fields = ['username','pwd']        # exclude = ['username']        labels={            'username':'用户名',            'email':'邮件'        }        widgets = {            'username':Fwidgets.Textarea(attrs={
   'class':'c1'})        }        error_messages = {            'email':{                'required':'邮箱不能为空',            }        }

views.py

from django.shortcuts import renderfrom app01 import formsfrom app01 import models# Create your views here.def index(request):    if request.method == 'GET':        obj = forms.UserInfoModelForm()        return render(request,'index.html',{
   'obj':obj})    elif request.method == 'POST':        obj = forms.UserInfoModelForm(request.POST)        if obj.is_valid():            obj.save()        return render(request, 'index.html', {
   'obj': obj})def user_list(request):    obj = models.UserInfo.objects.all().select_related('type')    return render(request,'user_list.html',{
   'obj':obj})def edit(request,nid):    if request.method=='GET':        obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()        mf = forms.UserInfoModelForm(instance=obj)        return render(request,'user_edit.html',{
   'mf':mf,'id':nid})    elif request.method == 'POST':        obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()        mf = forms.UserInfoModelForm(request.POST,instance=obj)        if mf.is_valid():            mf.save()        else:            print(mf.errors.as_json())        return render(request, 'user_edit.html', {
   'mf': mf, 'id': nid})

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/hongpeng0209/p/6713721.html

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